Lorcamin may be available in the countries listed below.
Ingredient matches for Lorcamin
Norfloxacin is reported as an ingredient of Lorcamin in the following countries:
- Greece
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Lorcamin may be available in the countries listed below.
Norfloxacin is reported as an ingredient of Lorcamin in the following countries:
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Démanol (acéglutamate de) may be available in the countries listed below.
Démanol (acéglutamate de) (DCF) is also known as Deanol (BAN)
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Glossary
BAN | British Approved Name |
DCF | Dénomination Commune Française |
Mansil may be available in the countries listed below.
Oxamniquine is reported as an ingredient of Mansil in the following countries:
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Class: Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics
VA Class: AU350
CAS Number: 8007-93-0
Brands: Antispasmodic, B & O Supprettes, Donnatal, Hyonatol
Antimuscarinic; naturally occurring mixture of tertiary amine alkaloids.a c
Adjunct in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease; however, no conclusive data that it aids in the healing, decreases the rate of recurrence, or prevents complications of peptic ulcers.a b h i With the advent of more effective therapies for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, antimuscarinics have only limited usefulness in this condition.a
Has been used in combination with other drugs (e.g., phenobarbital);a b h i however, no data support superiority of combination preparations over antimuscarinics alone.a
Treatment of functional disturbances of GI motility (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome) and neurogenic bowel disturbances;a however, efficacy is limited.a Use only if other measures (e.g., diet, sedation, counseling, amelioration of environmental factors) have been of little or no benefit.a
Has been used in combination with other drugs (e.g., phenobarbital) in the treatment of functional disturbances of GI motility such as irritable bowel syndrome;a b h i however, such combined therapy lacks substantial evidence of efficacy.a
Use with extreme caution, if at all, in the treatment of hypermotility and diarrhea associated with GI disorders such as acute enterocolitis.a
Has been used rectally in combination with opium in patients unresponsive to nonopiate analgesics for symptomatic relief of moderate to severe pain following GU surgery and for relief of pain caused by ureteral spasm. a g
Treatment of mild cases of parkinsonian syndrome or as an adjunct to other therapy; however, antimuscarinics generally have been replaced with dopaminergic drugs.a
Administer orally or rectally.a b g h i
Administer orally as belladonna tincture or extract or as conventional or extended-release tablets or oral solution (elixir) containing belladonna alkaloids in fixed combination with other drugs (e.g., phenobarbital).a b h i
Belladonna extract powder used extemporaneously to prepare capsules, powders, or tablets for oral administration. a
Belladonna leaf itself is not used as a therapeutic agent because of risk of overdosage of the alkaloids.a
Some clinicians have preferred belladonna tincture to other antimuscarinics because it usually is the most economic and easily titrated antimuscarinic.a
Moisten rectal suppositories containing belladonna and opium with water prior to rectal insertion.a g
Carefully titrate dosage until therapeutic effect is achieved or adverse effects become intolerable.a Higher than recommended dosage may be required for therapeutic effect.a Use lowest possible effective dosage.a
Belladonna tincture: Usual initial dosage is 0.1 mL (0.03 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) per kg daily or 2.5 mL (0.75 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) per m2 daily, given in 3 or 4 divided doses; do not exceed 3.5 mL (1.05 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) daily.a
Belladonna tincture: Usual initial dosage is 0.1 mL (0.03 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) per kg daily or 2.5 mL (0.75 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) per m2 daily, given in 3 or 4 divided doses; do not exceed 3.5 mL (1.05 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) daily.a
Belladonna alkaloids and phenobarbital (e.g., Donnatal elixir): Administer every 4–6 hours based on weight and symptoms.h (See Table 1.)
Body Weight | Dose Every 4 Hours | Dose Every 6 Hours |
---|---|---|
4.5 kg | 0.5 mL | 0.75 mL |
9.1 kg | 1 mL | 1.5 mL |
13.6 kg | 1.5 mL | 2 mL |
22.7 kg | 2.5 mL | 3.75 mL |
34 kg | 3.75 mL | 5 mL |
45.4 kg | 5 mL | 7.5 mL |
Adolescents ≥13 years of age: 16.2 mg of belladonna extract (0.203 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) in fixed combination with 30 or 60 mg of opium (1 suppository) once or twice daily.a g
Belladonna extract: Usual initial dosage is 15–30 mg (0.187–0.374 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) 3 or 4 times daily.a
Belladonna tincture: Usual initial dosage is 0.6–1 mL (0.18–0.3 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) 3 or 4 times daily.a
Belladonna extract: Usual initial dosage is 15–30 mg (0.187–0.374 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) 3 or 4 times daily.a
Belladonna tincture: Usual initial dosage is 0.6–1 mL (0.18–0.3 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) 3 or 4 times daily.a
Immediate-release tablets or solution (elixir) containing belladonna alkaloids and phenobarbital (e.g., Donnatal): 1 or 2 tablets or 5 or 10 mL of elixir 3 or 4 times daily.h i
Extended-release tablets containing belladonna alkaloids and phenobarbital (Donnatal Extentabs): Usual dosage is 1 tablet every 12 hours; may administer 1 tablet every 8 hours if indicated.b
16.2 mg of belladonna extract (0.203 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) in fixed combination with 30 or 60 mg of opium (1 suppository) once or twice daily.a g
Belladonna tincture: Maximum 3.5 mL (1.05 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) daily.a
Suppositories containing belladonna extract in fixed combination with 30 or 60 mg of opium: Maximum 64.8 mg of belladonna extract (0.812 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf; equivalent to 4 suppositories) daily. a g
No specific hepatic dosage recommendations for belladonna.a b
When used in fixed combination with phenobarbital, use small initial dosage.b h i
Avoid use of belladonna and opium suppositories in severe hepatic disease.g
No specific renal dosage recommendations for belladonna.a b
Avoid use of belladonna and opium suppositories in severe renal disease.g
Adjust dosage based on patient tolerance and response.c
Angle-closure glaucoma.b c g h i
Obstructive uropathy (e.g., bladder neck obstruction secondary to prostatic hypertrophy).b c h i
Obstructive GI disease (e.g., pyloroduodenal stenosis, achalasia).b c h i
Paralytic ileus.b c h i
Intestinal atony (especially in geriatric or debilitated patients).b c h i
Acute hemorrhage when cardiovascular status is unstable. b c h i
Tachycardia secondary to cardiac insufficiency or thyrotoxicosis.c
Severe ulcerative colitis or toxic megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis.b c h i
Myasthenia gravisb h i (unless used to reduce adverse muscarinic effects of an anticholinesterase agent such as neostigmine).c
Some manufacturers state that belladonna is contraindicated in patients with hiatal hernia with reflux esophagitis.b h i (See GI Effects under Cautions.)
Known hypersensitivity to belladonna or any ingredient in the formulation.b c h i
Exposure to high environmental temperatures may result in heat prostration due to decreased sweating.b c h i Increased risk of hyperthermia in patients who are febrile.c
May be an early sign of incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with ileostomy or colostomy; in this instance, use would be inappropriate and possibly harmful.b c h i
May cause drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision.b c g h i Performance of activities requiring mental alertness and physical coordination may be impaired.b c g h i
A curare-like action may occur (e.g., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis).b c h i
When belladonna is used in fixed combination with phenobarbital or opium, consider cautions, precautions, and contraindications associated with the concomitant agent(s).a b g h i
Use with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, autonomic neuropathy, hepatic or renal disease, CHD, CHF, cardiac arrhythmias, or hypertension.b c h i
Extreme caution in known or suspected GI infections because of decreased GI motility and retention of causative organism and/or toxins.c
Extreme caution in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis because of suppressed intestinal motility and resultant paralytic ileus and toxic megacolon.c
Caution in gastric ulcer because of delayed gastric emptying and possible antral stasis.b c
Caution in esophageal reflux and hiatal hernia because of decreased gastric motility and lower esophageal sphincter pressure leading to gastric retention and reflux aggravation.c Some manufacturers state that belladonna is contraindicated in these patients.b h i
Extreme caution in patients with partial obstructive uropathy because of decreased tone and amplitude of contractions of ureters and bladder and resultant urinary retention.c (See Contraindications under Cautions.)
Caution with systemically administered antimuscarinics in debilitated patients with chronic pulmonary disease because a reduction in bronchial secretions may lead to inspissation and formation of bronchial plugs.c
Increased sensitivity to antimuscarinic effects (e.g., mydriasis, positive chronotropic effect).c (See Pediatric Use under Cautions.)
Category C.b d g h i
Not known whether belladonna is distributed into milk.b d g h i Caution if used in nursing women.b g h i
Safety of belladonna established in pediatric patients.c
Safety and efficacy of belladonna extract not established in children.a Manufacturer states that belladonna and opium suppositories are not recommended in children ≤12 years of age.g
Children with spastic paralysis or brain damage may have increased sensitivity to antimuscarinic effects (e.g., mydriasis, positive chronotropic effect).c
Infants and young children may be especially susceptible to toxic effects of anticholinergics.c
Use with caution.c g
Geriatric patients especially susceptible to antimuscarinic effects (e.g., constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention).c Mental confusion and/or excitement is especially likely in geriatric patients.c Excitement, agitation, or drowsiness possible even with small dosages.b h i
Use with caution in hepatic disease.b c h
Use with caution in renal disease.b c h
Drowsiness,b g h i xerostomia,b c g h i tachycardia,b c g h i palpitation,b c h i dizziness,b g h i nervousness,b h i urinary hesitancy and retention,b c g h i decreased sweating,b c h i constipation,b c h i increased ocular tension,b h i photophobia,c g blurred vision,b c g h i mydriasis.b c h i
Additive adverse effects resulting from cholinergic blockade (e.g., xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation).c Advise of possibility of increased anticholinergic effects and monitor carefully. c
By inhibiting the motility of the GI tract and prolonging GI transit time, antimuscarinics have the potential to alter GI absorption of various drugs.c
Drug | Interaction | Comments |
---|---|---|
Amantadine | Additive anticholinergic effectsc | Inform patient of this possibilityc |
Antacids | May interfere with belladonna absorptionc | Administer belladonna at least 1 hour before antacidsc |
Antiarrhythmic (anticholinergic) agents | Additive anticholinergic effectsc | Inform patient of this possibilityc |
Antidepressants, tricyclic | Additive anticholinergic effectsc | Inform patient of this possibilityc |
Antihistamines (anticholinergic) (including meclizine) | Additive anticholinergic effectsc | Inform patient of this possibilityc |
Antiparkinsonian (antimuscarinic) agents | Additive anticholinergic effectsc | Inform patient of this possibilityc |
Corticosteroids | Possible increased IOPc |
|
Digoxin (slow dissolving) | Possible increased serum digoxin concentrationc | Use digoxin oral solution (elixir) or rapidly dissolving tablets (e.g., Lanoxin)c Observe closely for signs of digitalis toxicityc |
Glutethimide | Additive anticholinergic effectsc | Inform patient of this possibilityc |
Ketoconazole | Increased gastric pH decreases ketoconazole absorptionc | Administer belladonna at least 2 hours after ketoconazolec |
Levodopa | Possible increased GI metabolism of levodopa and decreased systemic concentrationsc | Adjust levodopa dosage if belladonna is started or discontinuedc |
Meperidine | Additive anticholinergic effectsc | Inform patient of this possibilityc |
Muscle (anticholinergic) relaxants | Additive anticholinergic effectsc | Inform patient of this possibilityc |
Phenothiazines | Additive anticholinergic effectsc | Inform patient of this possibilityc |
Potassium chloride | Slowed GI transit potentiates adverse GI effects of oral potassium chloride (especially wax-matrix tablets)c | Caution if used concomitantly; monitor for possible GI mucosal lesionsc |
Well absorbed from the GI tract; however, animal studies have shown differences in the absorption rates of l-hyoscyamine and galenical preparations of belladonna.a
Not known whether belladonna is distributed into milk.b d g h i
Atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine cross the placenta.c
Atropine and hyoscyamine readily cross the blood-brain barrier.c
Hydrolyzed to tropine and tropic acid.a
Excreted in urine and, apparently to a lesser extent, in feces.a
Tight, light-resistant containers.a
Tight containers at ≤30°C.a
Tight, light-resistant containers at <40°C (maintain between 15–30°C).a Protect from direct sunlight and excessive heat.a
Well-closed, light-resistant containers at 20–25°C.b h i Protect from light and moisture.b h i
15–30°C.g Do not refrigerate.g
Belladonna is a term applied to the various galenical preparations of the naturally occurring solanaceous alkaloids.a Antimuscarinic activity results principally from the atropine (dl-hyoscyamine) content.a g
Competitively inhibits acetylcholine or other cholinergic stimuli at autonomic effectors innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and, to a lesser extent, on smooth muscles that lack cholinergic innervation.c At usual doses, principally antagonizes cholinergic stimuli at muscarinic receptors and has little or no effect on cholinergic stimuli at nicotinic receptors.c
Antimuscarinics also have been referred to as anticholinergics (cholinergic blocking agents), but this term is appropriate only when it describes the antagonism of cholinergic stimuli at any cholinergic receptor, whether muscarinic or nicotinic.c
Also have been referred to as parasympatholytics because the antagonized functions principally are under the parasympathetic division of the nervous system.c
Receptors at various sites are not equally sensitive to inhibition of muscarinic effects.c Relative sensitivity of physiologic functions (proceeding from the most sensitive) is as follows: secretions of the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands; pupillary dilation, ocular accommodation, and heart rate; contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder and smooth muscle of the GI tract; and gastric secretion and motility.c Doses used to decrease gastric secretions are likely to cause dryness of the mouth (xerostomia) and interfere with visual accommodation, and possibly cause difficulty in urinating.c
Various antisecretory effects in the GI tract, including reduction of salivation (producing xerostomia) and gastric secretions (only partial reduction in gastric acid secretion).c Prolonged inhibitory effects on the motility of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon.c
Relaxes lower esophageal sphincter with a resultant decrease in lower esophageal sphincter pressure.c
Decreases the tone and amplitude of contractions of the ureters and bladder.c May cause urinary retention (e.g., in patients with urinary obstruction).c
Can reverse reflex vagal cardiac slowing or asystole such as that induced by inhalation of irritant vapors or by vagal stimulation (e.g., carotid sinus stimulation, pressure on the eyeball).c
May cause cutaneous vasodilation, especially at toxic doses (atropine flush).c
Reduces secretions from the nose, mouth, pharynx, and bronchi.c Relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchi and bronchioles with a resultant decrease in airway resistance.c
Stimulates the medulla and higher cerebral centers and exhibits CNS effects similar to those produced by antimuscarinics used in the treatment of parkinsonian syndrome (e.g., trihexyphenidyl).c
Blocks the responses of the sphincter muscle of the iris and the ciliary muscle of the lens to cholinergic stimulation, producing mydriasis and cycloplegia and a resultant decrease in ocular accommodation.c Little effect on IOP except with angle-closure glaucoma where IOP may increase.c
Reduces the volume of perspiration by inhibiting sweat-gland secretions.c May suppress sweating sufficiently to increase body temperature.c
Potential for hyperthermia and heat prostration;b c h i avoid exposure to high environmental temperatures and avoid use when febrile.c
If rectal suppositories are prescribed, instruct patient or caregiver in the proper administration technique.a
Risk of drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision; use caution when driving or operating machinery until effects on individual are known.b c g h i
Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as any concomitant illnesses.b c g h i
Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.b g h i
Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information.b c g h i (See Cautions.)
Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.
* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name
Routes | Dosage Forms | Strengths | Brand Names | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bulk | Leaf* | USP (with at least 0.35% w/w of the alkaloids) | ||
Oral | Tincture* | 0.3 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf per mL with alcohol 67% |
Routes | Dosage Forms | Strengths | Brand Names | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oral | Solution | Atropine Sulfate 0.0194 mg/5 mL, Hyoscyamine Sulfate 0.1037 mg/5 mL, Phenobarbital 16.2 mg/5 mL, and Scopolamine Hydrobromide 0.0065 mg/5 mL | AntispasmodicElixir (with alcohol 23%) | Morton Grove |
Donnatal Elixir (with alcohol 23%) | PBM | |||
Phenobarb with Belladonna Alkaloids Elixir | Vintage | |||
Tablets | Atropine Sulfate 0.0194 mg, Hyoscyamine Sulfate 0.1037 mg, Phenobarbital 16.2 mg, and Scopolamine Hydrobromide 0.0065 mg | Belladonna Alkaloids with Phenobarb Tablets | Vintage, West-Ward | |
Donnatal | PBM | |||
Hyonatol | Western Research | |||
Tablets, extended-release | Atropine Sulfate 0.0582 mg, Hyoscyamine Sulfate 0.3111 mg, Phenobarbital 48.6 mg, and Scopolamine Hydrobromide 0.0195 mg | Donnatal Extentabs | PBM |
* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name
Routes | Dosage Forms | Strengths | Brand Names | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bulk | Powder* |
Routes | Dosage Forms | Strengths | Brand Names | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rectal | Suppositories | 16.2 mg (0.21 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) with Powdered Opium 30 mg | Belladonna & Opium Suppositories (C-II) | Paddock |
B & O Supprettes No. 15A (C-II) | PolyMedica | |||
16.2 mg (0.21 mg of the alkaloids of belladonna leaf) with Powdered Opium 60 mg | Belladonna & Opium Suppositories (C-II) | Paddock | ||
B & O Supprettes No. 16A (C-II) | PolyMedica |
This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 05/2011. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.
Belladonna Alk-Phenobarbital 16.2MG Tablets (WEST-WARD): 60/$14.99 or 120/$18.97
Donnatal Tablets (PBM PHARMACEUTICALS): 60/$39.99 or 180/$89.97
Donnatal 16.2MG/5ML Elixir (PBM PHARMACEUTICALS): 118/$33.99 or 354/$97.97
Donnatal Extentabs Controlled-release Tablets (PBM PHARMACEUTICALS): 30/$50.99 or 90/$125.97
This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.
AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2011, Selected Revisions December 01, 2009. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.
a. AHFS drug information 2007. McEvoy GK, ed. Belladonna. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2007:1272-3.
b. PBM Pharmaceuticals. Donnatal Extentabs (phenobarbital, hyoscyamine sulfate, atropine sulfate, and scopolamine hydrobromide) extended-release tablets prescribing information. Gordonsville, VA; 2004 Jun.
c. AHFS drug information 2007. McEvoy GK, ed. Antimuscarinics/antispasmodics general statement. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2007:1259-67.
d. Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation. 7th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 2005:149-50.
f. Food and Drug Administration. FDA takes action to halt marketing of unapproved ergotamine— Companies ordered to cease manufacturing and distribution of illegal drugs to treat migraine headaches. FDA News. March 1, 2007. From FDA website.
g. Amerifit Pharma. B & O Supprettes (belladonna and opium) rectal suppositories prescribing information. Woburn, MA. Undated.
h. PBM Pharmaceuticals. Donnatal Elixir (phenobarbital, hyoscyamine sulfate, atropine sulfate, and scopolamine hydrobromide) prescribing information. Gordonsville, VA; 2004 Aug.(
i. PBM Pharmaceuticals. Donnatal (phenobarbital, hyoscyamine sulfate, atropine sulfate, and scopolamine hydrobromide) immediate release tablet prescribing information. Gordonsville, VA; 2004 Nov.(
j. Food and Drug Administration. Ergotamine tartrate. Rockville, MD; 2007 Mar 2. From FDA website.
k. Food and Drug Administration. Warning letters for ergotamine-containing drug products (issued February 26, 2007). From FDA web site.
l. North American Menopause Society. Treatment of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2004; 11:11-33. [PubMed 14716179]
Dolofur may be available in the countries listed below.
Metamizole sodium monohydrate (a derivative of Metamizole) is reported as an ingredient of Dolofur in the following countries:
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Bisoprolol dura may be available in the countries listed below.
Bisoprolol fumarate (a derivative of Bisoprolol) is reported as an ingredient of Bisoprolol dura in the following countries:
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